The packing is made from multiple strands of fine wire that are knitted together in a tubular pattern and then crimped and coiled or layered to provide a three dimensional structure of peak and valleys. The multi-strand fine wire provides a high surface area and a capillary effect on the descending liquid to promote intimate vapor-liquid contact, uniform liquid distribution, and a thin layer of liquid film. This results in higher mass transfer efficiencies, lower pressure drop, and high turndown ratios, up to 20:1. Typical HETP values range from 3" to 12". For high vacuum services, 4” to 6” HETP is typical.